Analysis of Linda Kerber’s Women of the Republic...

Linda Kerber’s Women of the Republic: Intellect and Ideology in Revolutionary America was a refreshing historian analysis of the role of women in our nation’s history. In the early Revolution eras, the political role of women was nonexistent due to the traditional roles held by the patriarchal society the colonists lived in for most of their years. Kerber intertwined her book with an intelligent analysis, but also conveys this analysis in a clear way so that reader can comprehend further. Throughout the book, chapters divide each segment of women’s rights by explaining the slow, but progressive build of them. The exploration of womens rights in Women of the Republic is developed by each opportunity opened during the American Revolution. While this book could be considered very academic, I considered it to be a leisurely read because it was so well written by Kerber. The passion behind the authors want to reveal this unknown historical event of what Kerber refers to as, â€Å" The Womens’ War†, makes the book inspirational. The true meaning of the term â€Å"Republican Motherhood†, made the word radicalism come to live in this historical setting. In result of these women changing and breaking the wall of a traditional role, they are finally accepted not just as domestic creatures, but as capable partners to create virtuous citizens. It is an empowering book that opens the reader’s eyes to the one – sided history that previous to this book had been the only text by historians

Triple Bottom Line Approach Free Essays

Green companies save money and help the planet with a triple bottom line approach Conventional wisdom says that organizations must choose between economic prosperity or environmental protection. Many business, however, are discovering that this is an outdated myth and there is no need to choose between one or the other. Energy efficiency projects that reduce utility costs, recycling initiatives that minimize waste disposal fees, and elimination of wasteful practices that consume auteur resources are all win-win scenarios that save money and reduce the impact on the planet at the same time. We will write a custom essay sample on Triple Bottom Line Approach or any similar topic only for you Order Now When these initiatives are carried out in a fair and just manner towards employees or contractors, then a win-win-win scenario is achieved. This approach of increasing profitability and improving the environment, while serving the community well through fair employment practices, is known as the â€Å"triple bottom line† and is the core component for sustainability programs, sometimes referred to as corporate social responsibility (CARS). The benefits of a triple bottom line approach to business are numerous. Many companies find that looking at their operations â€Å"through a sustainability lens† helps them identify opportunities that they were previously unaware of. Cost savings opportunities are identified that help drive waste out of organizations, reducing their environmental Impact. The benefits go beyond the obvious financial and environmental gains, however. Sustainability programs give companies an opportunity to distinguish themselves from their competitors. Studies show that employees want to work for socially responsible companies, so an effective sustainability program will aid In the recruiting of new hires. Proactively reducing harmful environmental practices can also potentially reduce liability and can keep organizations one step ahead of future regulatory changes that may restrict, or even outright ban, practices that are currently allowed. Future columns will provide many real-world examples of triple bottom line Initiatives that any company can Implement. How to cite Triple Bottom Line Approach, Papers

Hannin free essay sample

The government must show accountability for public funds and a business can use its resources as it deems appropriate. 5. Role of the Budget – Commercial it’s used for planning and control purposes, for government budgets carry the authority of law, preventing 1-3. Identify and briefly describe the three organizations that set standards for state and local governments, the federal government, and nongovernmental not-for-profit organizations. 1. GASB set the accounting and financial reporting standards for state and local government in the US. GASB also set accounting and financial reporting standards for governmentally related not for profit organizations. 2. FASB set standards for profit seeking business and for nongovernmental not for profit organizations. 3. FASAB set the accounting and financial for the federal government. 1-4. What is the definition of a government as agreed upon by the FASB and GASB? Public corporations and bodies corporate and politic are governmental organizations. Other organizations are governmental organizations if they have one or more of the following characteristics. We will write a custom essay sample on Hannin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . Popular election of officers or appointment (or approval) of a controlling majority of the members of the organization’s governing body by officials of one or more state or local governments. 2. The potential for unilateral dissolution by a government with the net assets reverting to a government. 3. The power to enact and enforce a tax levy. 1-5. Describe the â€Å"hierarchy of GAAP† for state and local governments, the federal government, and nongovernmental not-for-profit organizations. (See Illustration 1-2 come back to this) 1-8. GASB considers budgetary accounting and reporting to be important. List the principles outlined by GASB related to budgetary accounting and reporting. 1. An annual budget(s) should be adopted by every governmental unit. 2. The accounting system should provide the basis for appropriate budgetary control. 3. Comparisons should be included in the appropriate financial statements and schedules for governmental funds for which an annual budget has been adopted. 2-2. With regard to GASB rules for the financial reporting entity, answer the following: 1. Define the financial reporting entity. It is the primary government together with its component units. 2. Define and give an example of a primary government. Can be a state government, a general-purpose local government such as a city or county, or a special purpose government such as a school district. 3. Define and give an example of a component unit. Are legally separate organizations for which the elected officials of the primary government are financially accountable. 4. Define and describe the two methods of reporting the primary government and component units in the financial reporting entity. a. Primary Government -either appoints a voting majority of the governing body of the other organization or members of the primary governments governing body hold a majority of the seats of the other organizations board. Second, the relationship meets one of the following two criteria: a. The other organization provides either a financial burden or benefit to the primary government. b. The primary government can impose its will on the other organization. b. Component units are legally separate organizations for which the elected officials of the primary government are financially accountable. In addition, a component unit can be an organization for which the nature and significance of its relationship with a primary government are such that exclusion would cause the reporting entitys financial statements to be misleading or incomplete. 2-3. With regard to the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR): 1. What are the three major sections? Introductory, Financial, and Statistical. 2. List the government-wide statements. Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the government-wide statements. Basic Financial Statements Proprietary Funds Statements: Statement of Cash Flows. Governments use the accrual basis and the modified accrual basis of accounting. 3. List the governmental fund statements. i. General fund. This fund is used to account for general operations and activities not requiring the use of other funds. ii. Special revenue funds are required to account for the use of revenue earmarked by law for a particular purpose. State and federal fuel tax revenues require special revenue funds, because federal and state laws restrict these taxes to transportation uses. iii. Capital projects funds are used to account for the construction or acquisition of fixed assets[9], such as buildings, equipment and roads. Depending on its use, a fixed asset may instead be financed by a special revenue fund or a proprietary fund. iv. Debt service funds are used to account for money that will be used to pay the interest and principal of long-term debts. Bonds used by a government to finance major construction projects, to be paid by tax levies over a period of years, require a debt service fund to account for their repayment. v. Special assessment funds account for public infrastructure improvements financed by special levies against property holders. Sidewalk and alley repairs often rely on special assessments. 4. Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the governmental fund statements. It usually rely on a modified accrual basis. 5. List the proprietary fund statements. vi. Internal service funds are used for operations serving other funds or departments within a government on a cost-reimbursement basis. A printing shop, which takes orders for booklets and forms from other offices and is reimbursed for the cost of each order, would be a suitable application for an internal service fund. vii. Enterprise funds are used for services provided to the public on a user charge basis, similar to the operation of a commercial enterprise. Water and sewage utilities are common examples of government enterprises. 5. Indicate the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the proprietary fund statements. i. Proprietary funds, used for business-like activities, usually operate on an accrual basis. Governmental accountants sometimes refer to the accrual basis as full accrual to distinguish it from modified accrual basis accounting. 6. List the fiduciary fund statements. Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Assets and Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Assets. 7. Describe the measurement focus and basis of accounting used for the fiduciary fund statements. The accounting basis applied to fiduciary funds depends upon the needs of a specific fund. If the trust involves a business-like operation, accrual basis accounting would be appropriate to show the funds profitability. Accrual basis is also appropriate for trust funds using interest and dividends from invested principle amounts to pay for supported programs, because the profitability of those investments would be important. 8. Outline the reports and schedules to be reported as required supplementary information. Come Back To 2-4. Describe the test for determining whether a governmental fund is a major fund. The General Fund is always considered a major fund. Other governmental funds are considered major when both of the following conditions exist: (a) total assets, liabilities, revenues, or expenditures of that individual governmental fund constitute 10 percent of the total for the governmental funds category, and (b) total assets, liabilities, revenues, or expenditures of that individual governmental or enterprise fund are 5 percent of the total of the governmental and enterprise categories, combined. 2-10. Not sure

Week 1 Essays - Psychology, Attitude Change, Mind, Behavior

Week 1: Buzz marketing: messages spread through social networks via word of mouth transmission Inexpensive and Self-perpetuating Reaches younger audiences more effectively Uber influencers: the right people to spread the message Mavens: people with specialized expertise; early adopters; opinion leaders Connectors: people with large social networks who carrier the message (from mavens) Salespeople: charismatic people who sell idea to friends Example :"You MUST see this movie." Persuasion as a science Biologists, Chemists, physicists, etc. are all persuaders Must convince people: The merit of their research The research was designed well and carried out correctly The results are interpreted correctly The merit of their theory over competing theories Persuasion of art Artists convey attitudes through their medium Movies can be used to change attitudes about a topic/bring awareness to something E.g., Black Swan, Inside Out Paintings convey some social conscience Guernica Pablo Picasso Shows victims of bombing in agony Painting made moral statement Interpersonal Influence Persuasion works better face to face because it is less conspicuous. The bait: Your friend calls: "Hey, what are you doing this Friday night?" The nibble: Anticipating an invitation, you say "Nothing much, why?" You're hooked and reeled in: "Well, I wonder if you could help me move into my new apartment then? 4 benefits of studying persuasion Instrumental function :Learn to be more effective persuader (increase communication competence) The knowledge and awareness function Knowledge is power; good to know about persuasive strategies The defensive function: Learn to be a more discerning consumer of persuasive messages The debunking function :Understand incorrect assumptions about how persuasion works. E.g., Subliminal messages aren't persuasive Critique of Persuasion Learning about persuasion fosters manipulation. No, persuasion is ethically neutral. The tool can be used for good or bad. Persuasive functions are too inconsistent. Persuasion should be studied so it is better understood. Some generalizations about persuasion have been uncovered Week 2 Defining Persuasion Pure: clear cut cases of persuasion about which everyone agrees. E.g., presidential debate Borderline: cases that are unclear; not everyone agrees E.g., involuntary bodily responses Decisions must be made about what persuasion includes: 1.)Intentionality: Problems with intentionality: Social modeling and socialization processes = persuasion? Outcomes might not be clearly sought. Persuasion can be spontaneous Unintended receivers Hard to capture intent; stated intent may differ from actual intent Interpersonally, mutual persuasion may occur 2.)Effects: Gass Seiter: persuasion can be ineffective Persuasion as a product versus a processes Persuasion can be happening simultaneously Difficult to assess the extent to which persuasion is effective/ineffective E.g., Vote Hillary because she supports Planned Parenthood 3.)Free will and conscious awareness: Persuasion versus coercion Based on recipient's free will (This implies persuasion cannot occur without conscious awareness) But sometimes people are unconsciously persuaded E.g., Preferring job candidates whose resume is on better paper 4.)Symbolic action: Some people say that persuasion is constrained to symbolic action (language, or other acts that are "meaning-laden"). This limits the channel through which persuasion can occur; thus not all communication is persuasion 5.)Interpersonal vs. intrapersonal: Some people: It takes two (+)for persuasion to occur Sometimes persuasion is unintentional Effects may not be discernible People don't always know persuasion is occurring Sometimes persuasion has coercive features Persuasion isn't limited to symbols People can self-persuade Persuasion as a process: Context determines nature of persuasion E.g., face-to-face is two-way, advertising is one-way Synchronous vs. asynchronous Ratio of verbal vs. nonverbal cues in message Which medium is used Goals of message: Self-presentational, relational, instrumental Sociocultural factors: different cultures may influence how a person is best persuade Persuasion- one or more persons who are engaged in the activity of creating, reinforcing, modifying, or extinguishing beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and/or behaviors within the constraints of a given communication context Elaboration likelihood model of persuasion: Two basic routes to persuasion: Central route (central processing): when people think critically about the message and it's content (cognitive elaboration) Peripheral route (peripheral processing): when people consider cues that aren't directly related to the message E.g., focusing on how cute the message sender is ELM posits that central and peripheral processing are the opposite ends of an elaboration continuum; though parallel processing can occur Central processing end = high elaboration; peripheral processing end = low/no elaboration Factors that impact processing route Motivation impacts whether central or peripheral processing is used Topic involvement can impact motivation; high versus low Ability Other variables such as personality traits (E.g., need for cognition) HSM: Two different processing routes: Systematic processing: thoughtful, deliberate processing (similar to central processing) Heuristic processing: relies on decision rules or heuristic cues to simplify the thought process. Simultaneous processing is possible Factors that impact processing: Motivation and Ability Sufficiency principle: People spend as much time and energy into decision-making as a decision requires ElM vs. HSM: Central=systematic Peripheral is broader than heuristic Peripheral includes cognitive, affective, and other responses that lead to simple decision-making Heuristic

Bryants poetry essays

Bryants poetry essays William Bryants poetry often leads to thoughts on nature, the meaning of life, and death. Meditation on death is the Greek translation for Thanatopsis which is one of his poems. The body of the poem speaks of everything that lives must die but also of how death is natural. This argues against Orthodox Christianity. The introduction and the conclusion of the poem promise something that the body does not fulfill. The beginning talks about those who Hold communion with nature and how she has Various languages for the changing of ones moods. How For gayer hours/ She has a voice of gladness and She glides/ Into his darker musings, with a mild/ And healing sympathy. This side of nature promises healing and consolation. However, the lines The venerable woods the rivers that move In majesty, and the complaining brooks/ That make the meadows green: and, poured round all,/ Old Oceans gray and melancholy waste,/ Are but the solemn decorations all/ Of the great tomb of man show nat ure as merely a decoration not something in which you can Hold communion. Also in the body it talks of the people of the earth, no matter what their station, will all be buried together, All in one mighty sepulchre. The romantic notion of communication between man and nature is missing in the body of Bryants Thanatopsis. Although the notion is missing in the body it returns in the conclusion. Now the author tells us that By unfaltering trust, approach thy grave,/ Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch/ About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. This goes back to the idea of nature being more than just the decoration that the body speaks of. In Bryants poem Yellow Violent the narrator becomes changed by nature. The yellow violets modest bell/ Peeps from th...

Approaches To The Broken Windows Policy Explained Criminology Essay

Approaches To The Broken Windows Policy Explained Criminology Essay 1. Explain the Broken Windows theory of policing. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this approach. Detail the two most important benefits and the two pitfalls of such an approach to policing. Police departments, in the past twenty years, have adopted a theory that says by resolving minor disorders serious crimes can be reduced. It is called the broken windows theory, â€Å"also known as â€Å"order-maintenance,†Ã¢â‚¬ zero-tolerance,† or â€Å"quality-of-life† policing.† (Harcourt & Ludwig, Winter 2006, p. 282) It came to the forefront after a 1982 Atlantic Monthly article by James Q. Wilson and George Kelling. The article argued that when low-level quality-of-life offenses were tolerated in a community, more serious crime would follow. The broken windows theory says that â€Å"the variation in disorder in neighborhoods that explains the variation in crime, holding structural disadvantage constant. The real trigger is disorderliness itself.â₠¬  (Harcourt & Ludwig, p. 281) According to this view, broken windows, abandoned buildings, public drinking, litter and loitering cause good people to stay in their houses or move out of the neighborhood entirely. The theory argues â€Å"that the minor events and incivilities that frightened people, far from being a distraction for police departments, should be identified as key targets of police action.† (Moore, 1992, p. 138) It leaves criminals free to roam and send a message that law violations are not taken seriously. â€Å"The focus of the broken windows policing strategy is to address community anxiety about public safety. Broken windows advocates argue that the role of the police is fundamentally to maintain public order.† (Dammert & Malone, Winter 2006, p. 39) Some of the advantages of the broken windows policing are that it reduces social and physical disorders, furthers joint safety endeavors, and bring communities together. â€Å"Broken windows theory assu mes an essentialist notion both of disorder and its connection to perception: visual cues are unambiguous and natural in meaning† (Sampson & Raudenbush, Dec. 2004, p. 320). The theory’s biggest test has been in New York City, where a dramatic decline in crime has been attributed in large part to â€Å"order maintenance.† Rundown parts of the city have been cleaned up, and police focus more on such problems as panhandling, turnstile jumping, and public drinking. Police have even cracked down on people who clean the windshields of cars at stoplights with squeegees (Parenti, 1999, p.77). Among the first and hardest hit were the homeless, who travel, beg, and live in the political and physical basement of the class system: the city’s six-story-deep concrete bowels. Advocates of such tactics argued that in order to address these crimes, the police must be afforded wide discretion and should not be hamstrung by constitutional rules. Still â€Å"broken windowsâ €  enforcement has won a proper place among trends in criminal-justice reform. But in doing so, the police ignored the principal lesson of their own theory. If the toleration of minor law violations leads to more serious crime on the street, it would also follow that the toleration of minor law violations by the police will lead to more serious crime on the force. And that is precisely what has happened. â€Å"The broken windows theory suggests that minor disorders, both physical†¦and social†¦is causally related to serious crime.† (Harcourt, 2001, p.68) â€Å"Broken windows gives rise to â€Å"wars† on the poor, racism, and police brutality.† (Weisburd & Braga, 2007, p. 80) As mayor, Giuliani appeared to show his eagerness to impose law and order at all costs with the implementation of the zero tolerance policy. This led to a dramatic increase in arrests for such crimes as riding a bike on the sidewalk and playing loud music.

ECE 330 Discussion 2-4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ECE 330 Discussion 2-4 - Essay Example s manner, as the children’s thinking is developed, it is crucial to include items or materials in the classroom environment and curriculum that links to or facilitates the recalling of past lessons. Educators may observe and document what they see by placing children in their natural environments which include classrooms, the outdoors or home, mainly because the children will express more in actions that they would in words. Their actions, such as frustration by ripping pages, may be documented in anecdotal records that briefly describe specific incidents. Through pretend play, children are able to develop linguistic competence because they can first of all make sense out of their world and after developing cultural and social understandings, can express their feelings and thoughts. When a child pretends to be another person in play, he is able to construct statements and metacommunication appropriate to that role in order to maintain the episode of play. Through this, they will be able to internalize rule systems related to the language of the pretend play as well as ways of generating multiple forms of expressing thoughts (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000). Through an observation made from teaching experiences in which non-French children were learning basic French, a student expressed linguistic competence by noting another, who pretended to be a French baker, was not stressing the sound ‘R’. By playing with language, this student was already feeling in control of it and was showing competence in understanding the concept of sounds and syllables. That shows the significance of pretend play in supporting linguistic competence through focused verbal interactions. Not all the Field Experience sites give children opportunities to present their learning. However, it was observed that children can present their learning through pictures, numbers, athletics, music and words. Therefore, as educators it is important to first allow the students discover their own